European+Nationalism

**__1814-1871__** Austin & Matt are awesome
 * "An ugly baby is a very nasty object - and the prettiest is frightful." **
 * - [|Queen Victoria] **

__**Timeline:**__ 1. 1814- Congress of Vienna meets to create __balance__ of power. 2. 1830- Liberals overthrow Charles X and establish a constitutional monarchy in France. 3. 1848-Revolutions sweep through Europe. 4. 1849- Austria reestablishes control over Lombardy. 5. 1852- Second Empire begins in France. 6. 1861- Kingdom of Italy proclaimed. 7. 1867- The British North America Act is passed. 8. 1870- Franco-Prussian War begins. 9. 1870- French Army and Napoleon III are captured. 10. 1871- William I becomes kaiser of a united Germany.



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The Growth of Nationalism started at the Congress of Vienna. This was held from 1814-1815. Great Britain, Russia, Prussia, and Austria all met to settle political and territorial issues of Europe after Napoleon's defeat. The restored lawful monarchs to their thrones. Kept a balance of power between all nations so none could be too powerful. They held obedience to authority and religion. They used armies to stop revolutions. And the used negotiations to avoid war.

The leaders of the Congress of Vienna came from many different places. Prince Klemens von Metternich was considered the "Couchman of Europe". He called himself the rock of order and set up a President of Congress that became known as the Metternich System. Lord Casteragh was the British Foreign Minister. King Frederick William II was the Prussian leader. Czar Alexander I represented Russia. and Charles Talleyrand was the French Foreign Minister. He tried to recieve bribes from the US diplomats.

France after Napoleon had no __settlement__. Louis XVIII ruled from 1814-1824 and was appointed king by the Congress of Viena. Charles X followed him and was the last of the Bourbon Kings of France. After the July revolution Louis Phillipe followed. He was called the Citizen King and ruled from 1830-1848.

__**10 Key Terms**__ __**5 Key People**__ __** 5 Links: **__ __** Queen Victoria **__ This link has great information on Queen Victoria. Examples would be like how she came to be Queen and her personal life. **Rise of Nationalism in Europe** This website has tons of information of the rise of Nationalism in Europe and also some information on Napoleon Bonaparte. **Otto von Bismark** Here is the biography of Otto von Bismark. This article has great information on every aspect of his life. **Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte** This site has all your going to want to know about Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte. It has info on his early childhood and his career. **The Franco-Prussian War** This is a great link on the Franco-Prussian War. It has lots of great information and pictures.
 * **Conservatism:** Political philosophy that __rulers__, like Metternich, believed in. It is based on tradtion and social stability and conservatives hated revolutions.
 * **Principle of Intervention:** It was adopted by the great powers, it gave them the right to send armies into countries where there were revolutions in order to restore legitimate monarchs to their thrones.
 * **Liberalism:** A political philosophy based largely on Enlightenment principles held that people should be as __free__ as possible from government restraint.
 * **Universal Male Suffrage:** Theory where all adult men could vote and elect new representatives to a constituent assembly that would draw up a new consitution.
 * **Militarism:** A country that relies on its military strength, Prussia was known for its militarism in the 1860's when King William I was in power.
 * **Kaiser:** Means emperor, William I of Prussia was proclaimed this of the Second German Empire, the first was the medieval Holy Roman Empire.
 * **Plebiscite:** Means popular vote, in 1848, which is four years after his election, Louis-Napoleon recieved a 97% vote of the people toward the restoration of the monarchy
 * **Emancipation:** Issued by Czar Alexander II on March 3, 1861, which freed the serfs, peasants could own property and marry anyone of their own choice.
 * **Abolitionism:** The South's economy was based on growing cotton on plantation by slavery, it was a movement to end slavery and it arose in the North and challenged the Southern way of life.
 * **Secede:** A South Carolina convention voted to secede on December 20, 1860, or withdraw from the United States.
 * 1) **Klemens von Metternich:** Austrian leader of the congress, claimed that he was guided at Vienna by the principle of legitimacy.
 * 2) **Louis-Napoleon:** Also known as Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, the newphew of the famous French ruler, won a resounding victory.
 * 3) **Guiseppe Garibaldi:** A new leader of Italian unification had arisen, dedicated Italian patriot, raised an amry of a thousand volunteers, called Red Shirts, because of their uniform color.
 * 4) **Otto von Bismarck:** William I appointed a new prime minister, often been seen as the foremost ninteenth-century practitioner of realpolitik.
 * 5) **Queen Victoria:** Her reign was from 1837, which was the longest in English history, her sense of duty and moral reflected the attitudes of her age.