Age+of+Imperialism

__**1800-1914**__ **Austin & Matt** - [|James Monroe]
 * "National honor is the national property of the highest value." **

__**10 Important Terms:**__
 * **Imperialism:** The extension of a nation's power over other lands that began during the beginning of the 1880's used by European states.
 * **Protectorate:** A political unit that depends on another government for its protection; this practice was used by the French against the Vietnamese Empire in 1884.
 * **Indirect Rule:** This rule was created so that __local__ rulers were allowed to maintain their positions of authority and status in a new colonial setting.
 * **Direct Rule:** System in which the local elites were removed from power and replaced with a new set of officials brought from the mother country.
 * **Annex:** Incorporating a country within a state, used by Great Britain when they annexed the west coastal states of Africa, which they called __the Gold Coast__.
 * **Indigenous:** People that are native to a certain region. In Africa, the Boers placed many of the Indigenous people on reservations.
 * **Sepoy:** Indian soldiers who were hired by the British to protect the company's interests in the region. This helped the British rule India.
 * **Viceroy:** British official who ruled as a representative of a monarch. The British government ruled India directly though this person.
 * **Monroe Doctrine:** In 1823, President Monroe guaranteed the independence of the new Latin American nations and warned against any European interventions in the Americas.
 * **Peninsulares:** Spanish and Portuguese officials who resided temporarily in Latin America for political and economic gain and then returned to their mother countries.

__**5 Key People:**__ __**5 Key Links:**__ David Livingstone This link has tons of information on David Livingstone. Included in this website is a full biography of him. Imperialism in Africa  This website has all you need to know about how European countries were colonizing in Africa. **The Suez Canal** Here is some great information on the Suez Canal. It has information on how it was built, where it was built, and who built it, etc. **Queen Victoria** This is a very good website to use if you wanted to find out information on Queen Victoria. It has tons of information on what she did during her reign as Queen. **Mohandas Gandhi** Here is a site that basically has everything there is to know about his life. Some examples would be like how he began in South Africa and moved back to India to start and Independence movement.
 * 1) **David Livingstone:** European explorer who arrived in Africa in 1841 and traveled across the continent for 30 years. He was the first European to travel across Africa.
 * 2) **Henry Stanley:** Young Journalist that was hired by the New York Herald to go and find David Livingstone who was lost in Africa for 6 years.
 * 3) **Shaka Zulu:** Ruler of the Zulu empire during the early nineteenth century that battled with another group called the Boers frequently. The Zulu empire was defeated after his death.
 * 4) **Emilio Aguinaldo:** He was the leader of a movement for the independence in the Philippines. He and his guerrilla forces were defeated by the United States.
 * 5) **Muhammad Ali:** Officer of the Ottoman army who seized power and established a separate Egyptian state in 1805. He modernized the army, set up a public school system, and helped create small industries in Egypt.



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Timeline: 1. 1819- British colony of Singapore founded. 2. 1848- Mexico loses almost half of its territory to the United States. 3. 1855- David Livingstone is first European to see Victoria Falls. 4. 1879- Zulu king meets with British ambassadors. 5. 1880- "New imperialism" begins. 6. 1884- France makes the Vietnam Empire a protectorate. 7. 1896- Britain and France __agree__ to maintain Thailand as a buffer state. 8. 1898- The United States defeats Spain for control over the Philippines. 9. 1900- Virtually all of Southeast Asia in under European rule. 10. 1910- Emiliano Zapata leads peasant movement in Mexico.

The nineteenth century brought a new phase of Western expansion into Asia and Africa. Europe realized that these areas had vast amounts of raw materials that were theirs for the taking. They used these areas for coffee, palm oil, rubber, spices, sugar, tea, timber, and tin. Many countries set up colonies in different countries to __start__ to process these goods. Great Britain set up Singapore on the Malay Peninsula. Britain also set up Burma in Myanmar. France opened its sails to Vietnam. They had many Christian missionaries sent their to try to spread Christianity. The United States set up rule in the Philippines. This practice continued for many years.

The next area of expansion was Africa. Britain made Egypt a protectorate for its use of the Suez Canal. Italy tried to take over Ethiopia, but was defeated. The French also set up many colonies in North Africa. Germany and Britain became the chief rivals in East Africa. Although, Germany was late to colonialism, due to Bismark's lack of interest. The Boers or Afrikaners were the descendants of the original Dutch settlers in South Africa. They often battled the Zulu people. The Zulu were indigenous people of South Africa.

Over the course of the eighteenth century Britain gained much power in India. The British East India Company was given direct power in India's political and military affairs. They even hired sepoys, or indian soldiers, to protect the companies interests in the region. Soon they had so much power that Queen Victoria was given direct rule on the company and was titled Empress of India. The british colonies were ruled by viceroys.