Industrial+Revolution+&+Intellectual+Developement

**__1800-1870__** **Austin & Matt** **__10 Key Terms:__**
 * "Anyone who tells a lie has not a pure heart, and cannot make a good soup." **
 * - [|Ludwig van Beethoven] **
 * **Capital:** The third contributing factor to the industrial revolution, it is to invest in the new industrial machines and the factories needed to __house__ them.
 * ** Entrepreneur: ** Wealthy british people that were interested in finding new __business opportunities__ and new ways to make profits.
 * **Cottage industry:** Production method tasks done by individuals in there rural homes like weaving cotton thread into cloth.
 * **Puddling:** Process that allowed people to make better quality coal in the 1780's. It was developed by Henry Cort.
 * **Industrial capitalism:** Came with the Industrial Revolution, it is an economic system based on industrial production
 * **Socialism:** System in which society, usually in the __form__ of the government, owns and controls the same means of production, such as factories and utilities.
 * **Romanticism:** A new intellectual movement that emerged as a reaction to the ideas of the Enlightenment in the eighteenth century.
 * **Secularization:** New age in the nineteenth century, it is the indifferance or rejection of religion or religious consideration.
 * **Dictatorship:** This is a government in which a person has absolute power, it was thought of by Karl Marx.
 * **Literacy:** The ability to read. It was immediatly raised after public education was offered during the 1900's.

__**5 Key People**__
 * 1) **James Watt:** Scottish engineer that improved the cotton industry by improving the steam engine in the 1760's.
 * 2) **Robert Fulton:** An American inventor that built the first paddle-wheel steam boat, called the Clermont, in 1807 which made tranportation easier on the Great Lakes and along the Atlantic coast.
 * 3) **Ludwig van Beethoven:** He was one of the greatest composers of all time, was the bridge between the classical and romantic periods in music.
 * 4) **Louis Pasteur:** French biologist that proposed the germ theory of disease, which was crucial to the development of modern scientific medical practices.
 * 5) **Charles Darwin:** He published //On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection,// and believed in the principle of organic evolution.

__** 5 Links: **__ __** The Steam Engine **__ This website has all your going to want to know about the steam engine. It has info on who first invented it and how James Watt revised it. Child Labor In Factories This website gives a lot of good information about how there was child labor during the industrial revolution.
 * The Cotton Industry ** Here is some great information on the cotton industry of the Industrial Revolution. There is many details on how different inventions sped up the process of making cotton.
 * Robert Fulton ** This link has tons of information on Robert Fulton. Examples would be like how he created the first steam-boat and his early childhood.
 * Ludwig Van Beethoven ** This site has all you need to know about Beethoven. It has information on his many different symphony's and his personal life.

__** Timeline **__ 1. 1871- German unification achieved. 2. 1848- The Communist Manifesto is published. 3. 1861- First Civil War battle fought in United States. 4. 1871- British unions gain legal recognition. 5. 1876- Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone. 6. 1888- Eastman creates the Kodak camera. 7. 1889- Daimler and Maybach build gasoline-powered car. 8. 1901- Marconi sends radio waves across the Atlantic. 9. 1905- A revoluiton in Russia produces limited reforms. 10. 1914- World War One begins.



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The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the 1780's and after several decades, had spread to many other Western nations. It started with the Agricultural Revolution in the 1700's. First Charles Townshend invented Crop Rotation to replace nutrients in the soil. Then many different machines made agriculture easier. Jethro Tull invented the seed drill and cultivator. Robert Ransome invented the Iron Plow. And Cyrus McCormic invented the mechanical reaper. All of these inventions greatly aided agriculture all over the world.

With the Industrial Revolution brought many changes. With technology, machines replaced manpower. The power sources changed, for example water changed to steam. Factory workers replaced very skilled laborers and artisans. Capitalists invested money in corporations. Transportation developed with railroads, cars, and steam boats. And finally cities grew with the needed population for work force.

Power sources greatly changed during this time period. Thomas Newcome invented the first steam engine in 1712 to pump water out of coal mines. James Watt modernized his invention and put steam engines in almost all areas needing a power source. Iron and Coal were used as all the major raw materials needed during this time. Gottlieb Daimler invented the internal combustion engine in 1885. All of these inventions powered the Industrial Revolution.